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497, Construct a 1770 sq ft barn wi, ApplicationN UEST FOR HEARING FOR ZONE VARIANCE CITY OF ROLLING HILLS The undersigned SOUTH BAY ENGINEERING CORPORATION Name 304 Tejon Place, Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274 Street'Addrese Telephone Number c is/are the owners) or is/are in lawful possession of has permission of the owner Legal description of property situated at 25 RS 67/31-32 Lot Tract 7 Maverick Lane Street Address Describe in detail the nature of the proposed use, including what aspects of the project require a Variance. (310) 375-2556 A portion of the existing house and garage and a portion of the proposed garage addition are encroaching in the southerly side yard setback. Criteria to be satisfied for grant of Variance Such change is based upon the following described errceptional or extraordinary circumstances or conditions that do not apply generally to other property in the 'same vicinity and sone. The encroachment requiring a variance is an existing condition and appears to be a common occurrence in the surrounding area. Such change will not be materially detrimental to the public welfare nor injuriouo to the property or improvements in such vicinity and zone where property is locatmA **rmws( The garage addition is not in close proximity to neighboring houses, approx. 60 feet behind closest neighbor. The proposal will not have a detrimental affect on the property or the mighbnrhnod . FILING FEE' A filing fee c, " + must accompany the application. Make check payable toe OWNER'S DECLARATION , (we), declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed at this day of Address . California, 19 NOTE: The Owner's Declaration can only be used if this application is signed in California. If this application is signed outside of California, the applicant should acknowledge before a Not_ry Public of the State where the signature is ffixed, or before another officer of that State authorised by its laws to take acknowledgments, that he (it) owns the property described herein, and that the information in the accompanying this application is true to the beat of hie (its) knowledge and belief. Attach appropriate acknowledgment here. FORMS ISSUED TO: VANE FILED • ORGANIZATION PEE $ JOa ADDR,ES$ R,tCEIPT NC9. ' DATE. BY' DECISION OF PLANNING COMMISSION 1 ..._.._... The action of the Planning Commission will be final unless within twenty (20) days following the notice to the applicant of the decision, an appeal in writing is filed with the City Clerk by: 1• A. The applicant; B. Any person who protested, either orally or in writing, as a hatter of record prior to the final vote of the Plannity Commission on the matter and Who, in addition, received or was entitled to receive the written notice specified in subdivision 2 of subsection. A of Section 17.40.060: or C. The City Council, upon the affirmative.vote of three members of the Council. In order to obtain: a building permit, it will be necessary for the applicant to sign a copy of the findings that they understand and accept the conditone of approval. 1 CITY OF ROLLING G HILLS ZONING CASE CERTIFIED PROPERTY OWNERS• LIST AFFIDAVIT STATE OF CALIFORNIA)ss. c0UNT'Y OF LOS ANGELES) declare under. penalty of perjury that the attached list contains the names and addresses of all persons to whom all property is assessed as they appear on the latest available assessment roll • of the County within the area described and .for a distance off'• ene thousand„ (1,000) fort from than exterior_ boundaries of property legally described 'ass: .9 Executed at Conditional Use Permit Variance Zone Change 3 • day of , California, thin 19 • Signature • OWNER' S ACKNOWLEDGMENT Property development in Rolling Hills is governed by ordinances of the City of Rolling Hills ("City") and by private deed restrictions enforced by the Rolling Hills Community Association ("RHCA") • The land development permit process of the City and the RHCA are completely independent and separate. Both must be satisfied and approval given by both the City and the RHCA to develop property in Rolling Hills. An approval by either the City or the RHCA does not mean or imply or ensure approval by the other. The suggested sequence for property development is to obtain City approvals first. 1, (We), the undersigned, acknowledge that the above statement has been fully read and its admonition is completely understood. Executed at , California this day of , 19 . By: By: Address City 4 • DATE 6/30/93 BUILDING AREAS NET LOT AREA BUILDING PAD(S) RESIDENCE GARAGE SWIMMING POOL/SPA STABLE RECREATION COURT ( ) SERVICE YARD CTSER ZONING CASE NO.49-7 ADDRESS APPLICANT B. Howroyd TOTAL STRUCTURES % STRUCTURAL COVERAGE % PAD COVERAGE DRIVEWAY PAVED WALKS & PATIO AREAS POOL DECKING TOTAL FLA'IWORK % TOTAL FLATWORK COVERAGE CALCULATION OF LOT COVERAGE EXISTING 1109,197 sq.ft. vilsq.ft. 3,970 sq.ft. 440 sq.ft. 623 sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. 5,O33sq.ft. 4.6_% 7,628 sq.ft. 658 sg. ft . 931 sq.ft. 9,217 sq.ft. 8.44 % TOTAL STRUCIURAL & FLATWORK COVERAGE 14,250 sq.ft. % TOTAL COVERAGE 13.05 % PROPOSED sq.ft. 4(pOsa.ft. 994 100 1,294 96 sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. 2,484 sq.ft. 2. ,% -612 - 72 sq.ft. sa. ft sq.ft. TOTAL 109,197 #7 Maverick Lane sq.ft. 1 G5sq. ft. 4,964 Isg.ft. 540 623 1,294 96 7,517 6.9 7,016 586 sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. 931. sq.ft. -684 sq.ft. 8,533 sq.ft. -.006 % 7.8 sq.ft. 16,050 $ 14.70 sq.ft. -7- • • DATE 6/30/93 PAD_NO. 1 BUILDABLE PAD AREA RESIDENCE GARAGE STABLE (BARN) POOL REORENTION COURT ( ) sq.ft. OTC sq.ft. ZONING CASE N0. ADDRESS #7 Maverick Lane APPLICANT B. Howroya CALC)LATION OF BUILDING PAD COVERAGE TOTAL STRUCTURES ON PAD NO. 1 % BUILDING PAD CAGE PAD NO. 2 BUILDABLE PAD AREA RESIDENCE GARAGE STABLE (BARN) POOL RECREATION COURT ( ), i -T1 �—..r.ANOVE. sq.ft. q.ft. 4,964 sq.ft. 540 sq.ft. sq.ft. (.1P2 sq.ft. 4,560 1,294 sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft. OTC sq.ft. TOTAL STRUCTURES ON PAD NO. 2 sq.ft. % BUILDING PAD COVERAGE 28 -8- • PROPERTY OWNER: OWNERS ADDRESS: TELEPHONE NO: PROPERTY ADDRESS: REOUEST FOR HEARING FOR SITE PLAN REVIEW CITY OF ROLLING HILLS, IN4Fr4sai kAg. Av_irsdeto vhysicor, #7 Maverick Lane, Rolling Hills (310) 396-2030 #7 Maverick Lane, Rolling Hills LEGAL DESCRIPTION: LOT NO Pcl 28 R.S. 67-31 ASSESSORS BOOK NO 7567 PAGE 018 PARCEL 028 AGENT'S NAME: South Bay Engineering Corporation AGENT'S ADDRESS: 304 Tejon Place, Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274 TELEPHONE NO: (310) 375-2556 ***,***************************+************************************** NATURE OF PROPOSED PROJECT, Describe in detail the nature of *the proposed project, including what aspects of the project require a Site Plan Review: Construct a 1,770 sq. ft. barn with loft SITE PLAN REVIEW CRITERIA, Site plan review criteria upon which the Planning Commission must make an affirmative finding. Describe in detail the project's conformance with the criteria below: A. Is the project compatible with the General Plan, the Zoning Ordinance and surrounding uses? Explain how it compares to the sizes, setbacks and other characteristics of neighboring houses. The project is in conformance with the oPneral plan and the equestrian emphasis of Rolling Hills Site Plan Review Application -9- B. How does the project preserve and integrate into the site design, to the maximum extent feasible, existing natural topographic features of the lot including surrounding native vegetation, mature trees, drainage courses, and land forms (such as hillsides and knolls)? Explain how the project preserves and integrates existing natural features. The building is recessed into the downhill slope. The West wall is designed as a retaining wall to maintain the natural slope. C. How does the site development plan follow natural contours of the site to minimize grading? Extensive grading and recontouring of existing terrain to maximize buildable area shall not be approved. Graded slopes shall be rounded and contoured so as to blend with existing terrain. Grading shall not modify existing drainage redirect drainage flow unless into an existing drainage course. Explain the nature and extent of the impact of grading and proposed minimization on lots. The existing drainage pattern will not be altered other than diversion around the structure. D. To what extent does the site developmentplan preserve surrounding native vegetation and supplement it with landscaping that is compatible with and enhances the rural character of the community? Landscaping should provide a buffer and transition zone between private and public areas. Explain how the project preserves native vegetation, integrates landscaping and creates buffers. Native vegetation will be maintained or replaced on the slope, except for the structure and corral areas. Site Plan Review Application -10- • • E. How does the site development plan preserve the natural and undeveloped state of the lot by minimizing building coverage? Lot coverage requirements shall be regarded as maximums and the actual amount of lot coverage permitted should depend upon the existing buildable area of the lot. Explain how the lot coverage proposed compares with lot coverage square footage and percentages on neighboring lots. The lot coverage is less than 15% including structures and flatwork which is half of allowable and low for the neighborhood. F. Is the site development plan harmonious in scale and mass with the site, the natural terrain and surrounding residences? Setbacks shall be regarded as minimums and more restrictive setbacks shall be imposed where necessary to assure proportionality and openness. Explain how the proposed project setbacks compare with the existing setbacks of neighboring properties. The proposed structure is recessed into the raj -in -:el slnpa to lessen the visual impact and due to the slope it i.s nnohtriisiva G. Is the site development plan sensitive and not detrimental to convenience and safety of circulation for pedestrians and vehicles? Explain how the number and types of vehicles relate to the driveway location, design, trip data, landscaping and other on -site parking ` or storage areas. The proposed stable will not impact pedestrian or vehicular safety or have any visual impact on the streetscape. Site Plan Review Application -11- H. Does the site development plan conform with the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act? Explain how the project impacts the environment, e.g. significant impact, proposed mitigation measures. The proposed stable will not negatively impact the Environmental Quality i hereby certify that the statements furnished above, and in attached exhibits, presents the data and information required for the site plan review criteria evaluation to the best of my ability; and, that the facts, statements and other information presented are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. 3/10/93 Date: Signature For: Bernie Howroyd Applicant Site Plan Review Application -12- OWNER'S DECLARATION I (We) declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed at this 7 /-/ ( , California, day of 4 77.(2/ , 1991 7 A/A ,,�///F�) « L /J ,42. / . ra 9v 27• (address) NOTE: The Owner's Declaration can only be used if this application is signed in California. If this application is signed outside of California, the applicant should acknowledge before a Notary Public of the State where the signature is fixed, or before another officer of that State authorized by. its laws to take acknowledgements, that he (it) owns the property described herein, and that the information accompanying this application is true to the best of his (its) knowledge and belief. Attach appropriate acknowledgment here. APPLICANT: Bernie Howroyd DATE FILED 4Y4/ 3 REPRESENTATIVE: Douglas McHattie FEE: 11 a f4 COMPANY NAME: South Bay Enzineerine CorpAECEIPT NO: ��53$') COMPANY ADDRESS: 304 Te ion Pl . BY: , C %}S11, Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274 COMPANY PHONE NO. (310) 375-2556 PROJECT ADDRESS: 7 Maverick Lane Rolling Hills, CA 90274 Site Plan Review Application -13- ZONING CASE NO: 4- 9 7 TENTATIVE HEARING DATE: OWNER'S ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Property development in Rolling Hilis is governed by ordinances of the City of Rolling Hilis ("City")and by private deed restrictions enforced by the Rolling Hills Community Association ("RHCA"). The land development permit process of the City and the RHCA are, completely independent and separate. Both must be satisfied and approval given by both the City and the RHCA to develop property in Rolling Hilis. An approval by either the City or the RHCA does not mean or imply or ensure approval by the other. The suggested sequence of property development is to obtain City approvals first. I, (We), the undersigned, acknowledge that the above statement has been fully read and its admonition is completely understood. this Executed at pc) L ` i/U (7 /-/ /G G 5- tv day of r4 / By: By: Site Plan Review Application -14- , California , 192Z. 7 /7,�1 - /2/ c,f LA) Address /et /!. ,-, 9ez74 City CITY OF ROLLING H•8 ZONING CAGE CERTIFIED PROPERTY OWNER'S LIST AFFIDAVIT STATE OF CALIFORNIA COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES I Carol Jones ss , declare under penalty of perjury that the attached list contains the names and addresses of all persons to whom all property is assessed as they appear on the latest available assessment roll of the County within the area described and for a distance of one thousand (1,000) feet from the exterior boundaries of property legally described as: SEE ATTACHED LIST Executed at Palos Verdes Estates , California, this twenty-ninth Conditional Use Permit Variance Site Plan Review Zone Change Site Plan Review Application -15- day of March Ars /SIG7E VIRE 1993• Date Filed AIL implit Sopor i NO 2 PORTUGUESE SENC ROB: ROLLING HILLS CALF 902-4 (213) 377.1521 FAX (213) 377-7288 ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION FORM (To Be Completed By Applicant) March 29, 1993 Zoning Case No. GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Applicant, address and telephone no. South Bay Engineering Corporation 304 Tejon Place, Palos Verdes Estates, CA 90274 (310) 375-2556 2. Legal Owner, address and telephone no. (if different from above) - iowLu 1 ##7 Maverick Lane (818).240-8688 Mom. 4,4141, 14L rbvrvgo 3. Address of project #7 Maverick Lane Assessor's Book, Page, Parcel No. 7567-018-028 Lot No. Pcl . 28 R.S. 67-31 4. List and describe any other related permits and other public approvals required for this project,including those required by city, regional, state and federal agencies: R. H. Community, Assn., Los Angeles Co. Building & Safety Division 5. Existing zoning district RAS-2 6. Proposed use of site (project for which this form is filed): Construction of stable, garage addition PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7. Site size 2.912 AC 8 . Net lot area 2.507 AC House & Garage = 7704 9. Total square footage of structures Stable = °1294 10. Number of floors of construction Stable has loft , garage (1 story) -1- • 11. Basement squa footage - -0- 12. Total combined flatwork and structural lot coverag^ 16,050 s.f. 13. Will any exterior walls be removed or relocated? Which walls? Garage wall will move 20' southeast. 14. Will any interior walls be removed or relocated? Which walls? Ex. garage will be incorporated into residence area. 15. Will the entire building structure require a new roof? no 16. Will the existing roof remain intact, with less than 200 square feet added? Roof will remain intact, over 200 sq.ft. added. 17. Will cut and fill be balanced? yes Amount cut 250 CY Amount fill 250 CY 18. If residential, include the unit size, approximate sale price and household size. expected. $1,000,000 single family 19. If commercial, indicate the type of project, whether neighborhood, city or regionally oriented, square footage of sales area, estimated employment per shift and loading facilities. n/a 20. If this is industrial project indicate the type of project, estimated employment per shift, and loading facilities. n/a 21. If institutional, indicate the major function, estimated employment per shift, estimated occupancy, loading facilities, and community benefits to be derived from the project. n/a 22. Attach plans. 23. Proposed scheduling. Construction start immediately after approvals. 24. If the project involves a variance, conditional use or rezoning application, state this and indicate clearly why the application is required. Variance required for existing side yard encroachment. Are the following items applicable to the project or its effects? Discuss below all items checked yes (attach additional sheets as necessary). Yes No 25. Change in existing features of any bays, tidelands, beaches, lakes or hills, or substantial alteration of ground contours. 26. Change in scenic views or vistas from existing residential areas or public lands or roads. - 2- 27. C ar� in 'pattern, scale or cha tsr _of ' g :..=rz1 area'�3f project. / 28. Significant amounts of solid waste or litter. 2L 29. Change in dust, ash, smoke, fumes, or odors in vicinity. X 30. Change in ocean, bay, lake, stream or ground water quality or quantity, or alteration of existing draining patterns. X 31. Substantial change in existing noise or vibration levels in the vicinity. 32. Site on filled land or on slope of 10 percent or more. X 33. Use or disposal of potentially hazardous -materials, such as toxic substances, flammable or explosives. X 34. Substantial change in demand for municipal services (police, fire, water, sewage, etc.). X 35. Substantially increased fossil fuel consumption (electricity, oil, natural gas, etc.). X 36. Relationship to a larger project or series of projects. ENVIR0N2NTAL SETTING 37. Describe the project site as it exists before the project, including information on topography, soil stability, plants and animals, and any cultural, historical or scenic aspects. Describe any existing structures on the site, and the use of the structures. Attach photographs of the site. Snapshots or polaroid photos will be accepted. The site slopes to the East at approximately 23%, is stable ground and currently used for a corral Garage proposed in existing level driveway area contiguous to existing building. -3- th ill..rcunding,properties, ng information or plants and ar als and any cultural, historical or scenic aspects. Indicate the type of land use (residential, commercial, etc.), intensity of land use (one -family, guest house, office use, etc.) and scale of development (height, frontage, set -back, rear yard, etc.). Attach photographs of the vicinity. Snapshots or polaroid photos will be accepted. The neighboring properties are single family residential on sloping lots. The proposed stable is out of view of immediate neighbors. The proposed. garage is an extension of existing house. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS (Please explain all "yes" and "maybe" answers on separate sheets.) 39. Earth. Will the proposal result in: a. Unstable earth conditions or in changes in geologic substructures? b. Disruptions, displacements, com- paction or overcovering of the soil? Grading for stable foundation c. Change in topography or ground surface relief features? Grading to enlarge corral d. The destruction, covering or modification of any unique geologic or physical features? e. Any increase in wind or water erosion of soils, either on or off the site? f. Changes in deposition or erosion of beach sands, or changes in siltation, deposition or erosion which may modify the channel of a river or stream or the bed of the ocean or any bay, inlet or lake? g. Exposure of people or property to geologic hazards such as earth- quakes, landslides, mudslides, ground failure, or similar hazards? _4 YES MAYBE NO x • 40. Air. Will the proposal result in: YES MAYBE HQ a. Substantial air emissions or deterioration of ambient air qaulity? b. The creation of objectionable odors? Only as related to equestrian habitat c. Alteration of air movement, moisture or temperature, or any change in climate, either locally or regionally? 41. Water. Will the proposal result in: a. Changes in currents, or the course or direction of water move- ments, in either marine or fresh waters? /( b. Changes in absorption rates, drainage patterns, or the rateand amount of surface water runoff? i c. Alterations to the course or flow of flood waters? d. Change in the amount of surface water -in any water body? e. Discharge into surface waters, or in any alteration of surface water quality, including but not limited to temperature, dissolved oxygen or turbidity? f. Alteration of the direction or rate of flow of ground waters? _ g. Change in the quantity of ground waters, either through direct additions or withdrawals, or through interception. of an aquifer by cuts or excavations? h. Substantial reduction in the amount of water otherwise available for public water supplies? j( i. Exposure of people or property to water -related hazards such as flooding or tidal waves? �C -5- • j. Significant changes in the temperature, flow, or chemical content of surface thermal springs? 42. Plant Life. Will the proposal result in: a. Change in the diversity of species, or number of any species of plants (including trees, shrubs, grass, crops, microflora and aquatic plants)? b. Reduction of the numbers of any unique, rare or endangered species of plants? c. Introduction of new species of plants into an area, or in a barrier to the normal replenishment of existing species? d. Reduction in acreage of any agricultural crop? 43. Animal Life. Will the proposal result in: a. Change in the diversity of species, or numbers of any species of animals (birds, land animals including reptiles, fish and shellfish, benthic organisms, insects or micro - fauna)? b. Reduction of the numbers of any unique, rare or endangered species of animals? c. Introduction of new species of animals into an area, or result in a barrier to the migration or move- ment of animals? d. beterioration to existing fish or wildlife habitat? 44. Noise. Will the proposal result in: a. Increases in existing noise levels? YES MAYBE HQ x X b. Exposure of people to severe noise levels? )C -6- 45. Light and glare. Will the proposal produce new light or glare? 46. Land Use. Will the proposal result in a substantial alteration of the present or planned land use of an area? 47. Natural Resources. Will the proposal result in: a. Increase in the rate of use of any natural resources?. YES MAYBE E2 b. Substantial depletion of any nonrenewable natural resource? 48. Risk of Upset. Will the proposal involve: a. A risk of an explosion or the release of hazardous sustances (including, but not limited to, oil, pesticides, chemical or radiation) in the event of an accident or upset conditions? x b. Possible interference with an emergency response plan or an emer- gency evacuation plan? 49. Population. Will the proposal alter the location, distribution, density, or growth rate of the human population of an area? 50. Housinar. ,Will the proposal affect existing housing, or create a demand for additional housing? i( 51. Transportation/Circulation. Will the proposal result in: a. Generation of substantial additional vehicular movement? X b. Effects on existing parking facilities, or demand for new parking? c. Substantial impact upon existing transportation systems? _ 2< -7- Yes $ ybe two d. Alterations to present patterns of circulation or movement of people and/or goods? e. Alterations to waterborne, rail or air traffic? f. Increase in traffic hazards to motor vehicles, X 52. Public Services. Will the proposal have an effect upon, or result in a need for new or altered governmental services in any of the following areas: a. Fire protection? X b. Police protection? c. Schools? i< d. Parks or other recreational facilities? is e. Maintenance of public facilities, including roads? f. Other governmental services? X 53. Enercrv. Will the proposal result in: a. Use of substantial amounts of fuel or energy? b. Substantial increase in demand upon existing sources of energy, or require the development of new sources of energy? 54. Utilities. Will the proposal result in a need for new systems, or substantial alterations to the following utilities: a. Power or natural gas? b. Communications systems? c. Water? d. Sewer or septic tanks? e. Storm water drainage? -8- • • YES MAYBE NO f. Solid waste and disposal? 55. Human Health. Will theproposal result in: a. Creation of any health hazard or potential health hazard (excluding mental health)? b. Exposure of people to potential health hazards? 56. Aesthetics. Will the proposal resultin the obstruction of any scenic vista or view open to the public, or will the proposal result in the creation of an aesthetically offensive site open to public view? 57. Recreation. Will the proposal result in an impact upon the quality or quantity of existing receational opportunities? 58. _Cultural Resources. a. Will the proposal result in the alteration of or the destruction of a prehistoric or historic archeological site? b. Will the proposal result in adverse physical or aesthetic effects to a prehistoricor historic building, structure, or object? c. Does the proposal have the poten- tial to cause a physical change which would affect unique ethnic cultural values? d. Will the proposal restrict existing religious or sacred uses within the potential impact area? n • 59. Mandatory Findings of Significance. a. Does the project have the poten- tial to degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below -self- sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal commun- ity, reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory? b. Does the project have the poten- tial to achieve short-term, to the disadvantage of long-term, environ- mental goals? (A short term impact on the environment is one which occurs in a relatively brief, definitive period of time while long-term impacts will endure well into the future.) c. Does the project have impacts which are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (A project may affect two or more separate resources where the impact is relatively small, but where the effect of the total of those impacts on the environment is significant.) d. Does the project have environ- mental effects which will cause substantial adverse effect on human beings, either directly or indirectly? YES MAYBE NO E: :n th'• e•.ent .n3: tnc pro site a-. an, a:terr.jt..': are not listed on any list compiled pursuant to Section 65962.5 c: the Government Code, then the applicant must certify that fact as provided below. I have consulted the lista compiled pursuant to Section 65962.5 of the Government Code and hereby certify that the development project and any alternatives proposed in this application are n21 contained on these lists. Date For (Signa_..:re) (Applicant) CERTIFICATION: I hereby certify that'the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present the data and information required for this initial evaluation to the best of my ability, and that the facts, statements, and information presented are true and correct to the best of ay (/cnowledge� /f�`and belief. Date 3'' 3 G ``� 3 //s- J '/ '7- 'c J (Signature) For /3/!2/L/A R (7 / / LI) V i) (Applicant)