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10-14-19 MINUTES OF A REGULAR MEETING OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ROLLING HILLS, CALIFO ' IA MONDAY, OCTOBER 14,2019 1. CALL TO 0 ' I ER A regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Rolling Hills was called to order by Mayor Mirsch at 7:00p.m. in the City Council Chamber at City Hall, 2 Portuguese Bend Road, Rolling Hills, California. 2. ROLL CALL Councilmembers Present: Mayor Mirsch, Pieper, Dieringer, Black and Wilson. Councilmembers Absent: None Others Present: Elaine Jeng, P.E., City Manager Yolanta Schwartz, Planning Director Meredith Elguira, Planning and Community Services Director Yohana Coronel, City Clerk Michael Jenkins, City Attorney Alfred Visco, 15 Cinchring Arvel Witte, 5 S. Quail Ridge Road Carol Witte, 5 S. Quail Ridge Road Cris Sarabia, Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy James O'Neill, City of Rancho Palos Verdes Mayor Mirsch introduced Meredith Elguira, the City's new Planning and Community Services Director. Meredith will be replacing long time Planning Director Yolanta Schwartz. 3. OPEN AGENDA- PUBLIC COMMENT WELCOME There were no public comments. 4. CONSENT CALENDAR Matters which may be acted upon by the City Council in a single motion. Any Councilmember may request removal of any item from the Consent Calendar causing it to be considered under Council Actions. A. MINUTES —REGULAR MEETING OF SEPTEMBER 09, 2019. COMMENDATION: APPROVE AS P' SENTED B. PAYMENT OF BILLS. COMMENDATION: APPROVE AS ' SENTED C. REPUBLIC SERVICES RECYCLING TONNAGE REPORT FOR AUGUST 2019. RECOMMENDATION: APPROVE AS PRESENTED D. FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST & SEPTEMBER 2019. RECOMMENDATION: APPROVE AS ' SENTED Councilmember Black moved that the City Council approve the items on the consent calendar except for item 4A. Mayor Pro Tern Pieper seconded the motion and the motion carried without objection by a voice vote as follows: AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS: Mayor Mirsch, Pieper, Dieringer, Black, and Wilson NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSTAIN: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. Mayor Mirsch pointed to page 7 of the meeting minutes, and identified that "Rule 20A" has been added to the minutes. Mayor Mirsch asked for confirmation that Rule 20A was properly added and referenced. Councilmember Wilson moved that the City Council pull the minutes and bring -1- the minutes back to the City Council at the next meeting. Councilmember Dieringer seconded the motion and the motion carried without objection by a voice vote as follows: AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS: Mayor Mirsch, Pieper, Dieringer, Black, and Wilson NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSTAIN: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. 5. COMMISSION ITEMS NONE. 6. PUBLIC HEARINGS NONE. 7. OLD BUSINESS NONE. 8. NEW BUSINESS A. CONSIDER AND APPROVE PROPOSAL FROM THE PALOS VERDES PENINSULA LAND CONSERVANCY TO REMOVE ACACIA SHRUB AND MUST A PLANT NEAR THE BORDER OF THE CITY OF ROLLING HILLS AND THE NATURE PRESERVE. City Manager Jeng referenced this agenda item at several previous City Council meetings where the City Council expressed the desire to reach out to the Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy to discuss fuel modification. Staff reached out to the Conservancy Executive Director Adrienne Mohan and conducted several meetings discussing opportunities to extend the Conservancy's current fuel modification work to the border between Rolling Hills and the Conservancy. City Manager Jeng reported that in response, Adrienne provided a proposal. Staff also discussed with Adrienne if there is a possibility for eradication of Mustard plants rather than funding on-going work on an annual basis. City Manager Jeng stated that the Conservancy has experience elsewhere eliminating Mustard plants via the mow-and-kill method for a period of three years. Adrienne included a long term plan to eradicate Mustard Plant in her proposal. After the three-year period, the Conservancy would assess if replanting is appropriate based on the amount of seeding removed through the mow-and-kill process. City Manager Jeng noted that the proposal for consideration is comprised of two things: the first is immediate action to remove fire fuel along the border in the Preserve. The second is the long term work shown on page 7 through 14 of the Conservancy's proposal. City Manager Jeng introduced a staff member from the City of Rancho Palos Verdes and from the Palos Verdes Peninsula Land Conservancy in the audience who are available to answer questions. Councilmember Black pointed out on page 8 of 14 of the proposal and noted that the proposed location of the work is too far from the City. Councilmember Black expressed desire to do the fuel modification work proposed but preferred the work to be along the east-west direction rather than along the north-south direction. Mayor Pro Tern Pieper agreed with Councilmember Black that the fuel modification is important. Mayor Mirsch asked to hear from the representative from the Conservancy. City Manager Jeng introduced Cris Sarabia from the Conservancy. Councilmember Black re-stated his preference for the locations of work for Mr. Sarabia. Mainly the locations expressed are along the east-west directions along the border of Rolling Hills and the Conservancy. Mr. Sarabia responded that he would have to revisit the site to determine if the preferred locations can allow a tractor mower to traverse the subject area. Areas with pockets of native plants cannot Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -2- be worked on with the mower but rather require a field crew to use smaller equipment to maneuver around the native plants. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper inquired if the Conservancy will perform the work or have a contractor perform the work. Mr. Sarabia responded that the Conservancy is exploring both options. The reason for the identified locations is to provide flexibility as the selected areas allow large machinery and continuous work. Discussion ensued between Councilmember Black and Mr. Sarabia with respect to fuel modification work locations depicted in several pages of the Conservancy's proposal. James O'Neill, Public Works Department, City of Rancho Palos Verdes assisted in the discussion with information related to the locations of recent fuel modification work conducted by Rancho Palos Verdes. Mr. O'Neill provided a possible explanation for Councilmember Black's observation of the patches of fuel modification work near Mr. Alfred Visco's property. Mr. O'Neill noted that per the Fire Department's requirement of 200 feet of clearance from structures,there may be a 30-foot distance of the required 200-foot radius closest to the structure referenced while the remaining is within the Nature Preserve. Councilmember Black expressed that he does not feel that the 150-foot radius per the Fire Department is adequate. Mr. O'Neill inquired regarding the width of the barrier strip desired. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper responded the wider the better. If 200 feet is the starting point, start with that and move on to the next 200 feet. Councilmember Wilson inquired about the eradication of the Mustard Plant and the optimal timeframe for mowing, for budgeting purposes. Mr. Sarabia responded that the Conservancy has extensive experience with eradicating Mustard Plant. It is a long term process. Outlining the process, Mr. Sarabia noted that before the Mustard Plant flower, the Conservancy will mow the plant before the seeds are dropped. Mowing now when the Mustard Plant is dry will not help the seed bank but will eliminate the fuel load. But next year,the Mustard Plant will be mowed before becoming dry and before the seeds are dropped to reduce the seed bank. Mr. Sarabia noted that depending on the rainy season, the mowing are scheduled for the Spring, Spring into Summer and Summer. City Manager Jeng confirmed with Mr. Sarabia that there is $12,000 budget set aside per year. The $12,000 covers the mowing prior to the rainy season but if there is second mowing needed in that rainy season, the $12,000 would cover the second mowing. Councilmember Dieringer inquired if Rancho Palos Verdes would be willing to cost share the work since locations of the proposed work is not quite the desired areas of work. Also, the proposed areas of work are all located in the Conservancy. Mr. O'Neill responded that Rancho Palos Verdes' areas of responsibility are dictated by the Fire Department's requirement of 200-foot radius from structures. The City of Rancho Palos Verdes already fulfilled their responsibilities this year and will continue on an annual basis. Mr. O'Neill noted that the City Council's desire is to create a fire strip outside of the areas of the 200-foot radius from structures. In response to Councilmember Dieringer's inquiry, Mr. O'Neill clarified that the City of Rancho Palos Verdes will perform fuel modification within 200 feet radius of structures in Rolling Hills within the Nature Preserve with considerations for native habitat, if any is present. Mayor Mirsch inquired if the native vegetation within the 200-foot radius is dead, would the dead vegetation be removed. Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -3- Mr. Sarabia responded that the dead native vegetation would be removed. In response to Councilmember Dieringer's inquiry, Mr. O'Neill responded that he could not respond on behalf of the City of Rancho Palos Verdes City Council on the monetary contribution for additional fuel modifications beyond the Fire Department's requirements. Councilmember Black noted that the City should facilitate access to sites from the City of Rolling Hills. Mayor Mirsch clarified with Councilmember Black that access should be provided to the City of Rancho Palos Verdes not only for the fuel modification work paid for by Rolling Hills but also for the fuel modification work performed with the City of Rancho Palos Verdes on an annual basis. Councilmember Dieringer inquired how long it would take to have a cost figure to provide a fire strip along the border. She also inquired if there is a guarantee that three years of mow-and-kill would eradicate the Mustard Plant. Mr. Sarabia responded that it will take about two weeks to have a cost estimate for the fire strip along the border. The Conservancy will not provide a guarantee for the expressed timeframe to eradicate the Mustard Plant. It all depends on the type of seed bank. Discussion ensued on the action to be taken by the City Council. Councilmember Dieringer inquired about quality assurance about the scope of work that would be performed. She also inquired about the time needed for the City of Rancho Palos Verdes to respond to the request to cost share the fuel modification work. Mr. Sarabia responded that photographs and monitoring documentation will be provided. The Conservancy has an interest to eradicate the Mustard Plant. Mr. O'Neill responded that he will discuss the cost share request with his City Manager. Mayor Mirsch inquired if there is value to conduct a site visit with the Land Conservancy. Councilmember Black expressed he does not want to slow the process down. Alfred Visco, 15 Cinchring Road expressed that it is his understanding that the proposed work does not need to go back to the City of Rancho Palos Verdes for approval for the work. He asked for confirmation. Mr. Visco pointed to the pages of the proposal showing his property. He is intimately aware of the fuel modification work adjacent to his property including giving permission to the City of Rancho Palos Verdes to conduct the fuel modification work. Mr. Visco provided his understanding of the Rancho Palos Verdes' fuel modification requirements. Mr. Visco recommended to perform the annual mowing and Acacia removal right now. Anything performed this year would be helpful. The City of Rancho Palos Verdes and the Land Conservancy have completed their fire fuel modification for the year and will not be taking additional action on this front. Mr. Visco also expressed that the City Council should take legal remedies against the City of Rancho Palos Verdes. Arval Witte expressed that we are close to a breakthrough. Mr. Witte provided information on homes lost in past fires in the City of Rolling Hills. Mr. Witte also noted that he contributed to the Land Conservancy. Carol Witte noted that she walked down from the fire station, (Rim Trail) and she observed a lot of fire fuel. It would take a spark to affect her home. Please do something about the fire fuel near the fire station. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper moved to approve the proposal as presented excluding the long term work. The motion did not get a second. Councilmember Black moved to approve the dollar amount including the on-going three year annual work but modify the locations of work to be closer to and along the border of Rolling Hills. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper seconded the motion. Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -4- Discussions ensued on the proposed motion. Mr. Sarabia clarified that the Conservancy only looked into the scope of work as far as Paint Brush Trail. City Manager Jeng expressed that the City Council appeared to be agreeable to page 9 of 14 and page 10 of 14. She suggested that the City Council move forward with the scope of work that is agreeable. She spoke with Cris and suggested to readjust the work on page of 8 of 14 to swing it closer to the City border. The dollar amount dedicated to page 8 of 14, if it is reallocated may not go far since the work is closer to the border which would need more manual labor and it would be more costly. City Manager Jeng suggested to allow staff to further discuss with the Conservancy regarding modified areas of work as requested by the City Council. Discussions ensued on the modified areas of work. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper expressed that any removal of fire fuel will be helpful. He expressed why would the City not remove the big swath of Mustard Plant for $7,000. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper noted that the City Council should approve as presented and the action might be approving a few thousand dollars beyond what the City wanted but the work will eliminate fire fuel. If the work is piecemealed, Mayor Pro Tem Pieper expressed that the City Council will continue to talk about the matter and it will be weeks before any work commences. Mayor Pro Tern Pieper noted that the only question is when the work will start. Councilmember Black withdrew his motion. Mr. Sarabia stated that he can mobilize crews to start the work within the next 10 days. Mayor Mirsch asked the Conservancy to expedite the mobilization as soon as possible. Mayor Pro Tenn Pieper motioned to approve the item as presented. Mayor Mirsch seconded the motion. Discussions ensued on re-directing work to the east-west direction as much as possible. City Clerk Coronel repeated the motion as follows: Mayor Pro Tern Pieper motioned to approve the item as presented. Councilmember Wilson seconded the motion and the motion carried without objection by a voice vote as follows: AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS: Mayor Mirsch,Pieper, Dieringer, Black, and Wilson NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSTAIN: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. B. CONSIDER AND APPROVE JOINT FEASIBILITY STUDY PROPOSED BY THE CITY OF RANCHO PALOS VERDES TO INSTALL SEWER MAN LINES NEAR THE FLYING TRIANGLE AREA. City Manager Jeng informed the Council that City of Rancho Palos Verdes reached out to discuss opportunities for a joint sewer project that would address RPV's land movement and Rolling Hills' desire for sewer mains. A subcommittee of the City Council of RPV requested several meetings with two members of the City Council of Rolling Hills. Subsequent to Council's meeting with RPV, RPV provided a proposal from the engineering consultant NV5 to perform a feasibility for sewer main lines in the Flying Triangle area. RPV requested to cost share NV5's fees. Councilmember Black motioned to approve the item as presented and approved the cost share amount. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper seconded the motion. Mayor Mirsch asked for public comments. Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -5- City Manager Jeng responded that staff can request the County for a cost estimate but the staff intends to put the project out for competitive bids. The motion carried without objection by a voice vote as follows: AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS: Mayor Mirsch, Pieper, Dieringer, Black, and Wilson NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSTAIN: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. D. CONSIDER CALOES DESIGNATION OF SUBRECIPIENT'S AGENT AND FEDERAL FUNDING ACCOUNTABILITY, CONSIDER ALLOCATION OF FUNDS FOR THE PREPA • TION OF SAFETY ELEMENT TO BE REIMBURSED AT 75%. Planning Director Schwartz reported that the City was awarded a grant application for the preparation of the Safety Element from CalOES. As part of the acceptance of the grant there are several forms required by CalOES. Planning Director Schwartz requested the City Council to approve the form to designate the subrecipient's agent, the City Manager. With the designation, going forward, other required forms can be signed by the City Manager. Planning Director Schwartz requested an allocation of half of the project cost to be spent this year. Councilmember Dieringer motion to approve the item as presented. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper seconded the motion and the motion carried without objection by a voice vote as follows: AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS: Mayor Mirsch, Pieper, Dieringer, Black, and Wilson NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS: None. ABSTAIN: C OUNC IL MEMBERS: None. 9. MATTERS FROM THE CITY COUNCIL AND MEETING ATTEND CE REPORTS A. DISCUSS ON-GOING CUSTOMER SERVICE ISSUES WITH COX REPRESENTATIVE. City Manager Jeng stated that at the last City Council meeting,Dr. Black requested an agenda item to discuss customer service issues with COX. City Manager Jeng invited two members of the COX team to the meeting. City Manager Jeng introduced Kristen Camuglia,the Government and Regulatory Affairs Liaison and Rey Castro, Construction Supervisor for the Peninsula. Mr. Castro informed the City Council that the company is investing in a five-year plan to improve customer service. Ms. Camuglia and Mr. Castro provided a presentation of the company with specific statistics for the four Peninsula cities. Councilmember Black requested confirmation that there is one group of technicians that address the plant miles to the tap and another group of technicians that address from the tap to the home. Councilmember Black inquired if there is another group that addresses issues within the home? Mr. Castro responded yes they are the universal home technicians. Mayor Mirsch inquired the contractors and if the level of service of the contractor should be the same as technicians? Mr. Castro responded yes the level of service should be consistent. Councilmember Wilson noted that Rolling Inns is a gated community and trucks entering the City showing COX on the truck is not a problem. However if the service truck does not have COX on Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -7- the truck, the truck would be turned away at the gate house. Mr. Castro stated the company provides magnetic logo to contractors and the contractors are required to have the magnetic logos on all trucks. COX inspects contractors' trucks for logos. Mr. Castro will follow up on this matter. Ms. Camuglia added that the contractors need to have an annual permit with the Association in order to operate in the City. Mayor Mirsch inquired if COX is converting to fiber in Rolling Hills. Mr. Castro responded yes COX is conducting conversion to fiber in Rolling Hills. Councilmember Black inquired if the conversion would replace existing poles. Mr. Castro responded that COX does not own poles and rents pole for equipment. Discussions ensued on customer site visit requests, missed visits, and COX's service window. Mr. Castro informed the City Council that he can pull up specific service calls and address customer service issues. Councilmember Wilson outlined an incident that required six service requests to successfully troubleshoot the issue. Councilmember Black discussed that COX equipment (panoramic wifi) does not work for one story homes. Ms. Camuglia informed the City Council data showing intermittent service in the Peninsula is primarily due to squirrel chew and moisture depending on the time of day. Councilmember Black inquired about the diagnostic process from squirrel chew and deteriorating wires from moisture. Ms. Camuglia informed the City Council that the COX company is a franchise of the State of California. The California Public Utilities Commission left the customer oversight with the City Council. On COX's bill, the City Hall's number is listed for customer complaints. COX has an escalation program with a dedicated email and phone numbers to take service calls. Ms. Camuglia will email the dedicated email and phone numbers to all City Councilmembers. Mr. Castro offered to conduct a service study for Rolling Hills. City Manager Jeng informed the City Council Rey was instrumental in starting the monthly utility meetings aimed at moving forward with undergrounding project. City Manager Jeng suggested that if Rey can have staff stay after the monthly utility meeting to have an outlet for residents to get face to face customer service. Mr. Castro committed to being available monthly to address existing customer service issues. Councilmember Dieringer inquired if a secondary call is made, immediately after a technician leaves a site, does the service call go back in the queue? Ms. Camuglia recognized this has been the issue: the repeat call for service gets placed back into the queue. Ms. Camuglia outlined a program that is changing the computer system to recognize follow up calls should not be designed as tier one (introductory) calls. Councilmember Black inquired what the City Council can do if COX does not follow up on these customer issues. Ms. Camuglia noted that the City of Rolling Hills Estates implemented a service standard. It is in the ordinance. City Manager Jeng said that staff will focus on addressing residents' customer service issues Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -8- through the monthly meetings and coordinate with the City of Rolling Hills Estates and the other Peninsula cities on a regional effort to establishing service standards. 10. MATTERS FROM STAFF A. RECEIVE AND FILE THIRD QUARTER 2019 REPORT ON FIRE FUEL ABATEMENT ENFORCEMENT CASES. Planning Director Schwartz reported that there were data errors in the City Council's packet and the errors were corrected. The corrected data was provided on the dais. Planning Director Schwartz provided statistics on the code cases for the quarter. There were four dead vegetation enforcement cases that required the expertise of the arborist. Mayor Mirsch inquired about the date the Code Enforcement Officer was employed on a full time basis. City Manager Jeng responded on October 9, 2019. Mr. Visco discussed the location of the property at 7 Ranchero Road. Mr. Visco reported that the said property showed little progress in eliminating fire fuel and discussed the adverse impact of the lack of progress to the surrounding properties. Mr. Visco also reported that the City is being too easy on Mr.Mok and he needs to comply with the City's dead vegetation ordinance. Mr.Visco informed the City Council that he will sue someone to motivate progress on the said property. Councilmember Black inquired about the code enforcement case on 2 Appaloosa. Planning Director responded that the case should have noted the complaint unfounded. Mayor Mirsch commented that there are 10 cases over one year old that are being monitored. This is unacceptable. There needs to be more information beyond monitoring. Who does Delia report to? City Manager Jeng responded that Delia reports to the Planning Director. City Manager Jeng reported that the previous Senior Planner created the initial list and there have been multiple lists created by different staff. With more people working on code enforcement cases,it was discovered that staff s nomenclature are different. One address may have multiple cases. Staff used addresses as the reference. Of the multiple enforcement cases at an address,the address would be designated active even though cases have been closed. The address would be designated closed only if all cases on the address are closed. In the future staff will keep cases as separate line items to capture the true duration of open cases. The City Council received and file the item. B. UPDATE ON TENNIS COURT IMPROVEMENTS (ORAL). City Manager Jeng stated that she does not have new information to report on the cost of the amenities proposed by the Association. Based on the conversation with the Association Manager in the afternoon,the cost estimate requested would depend on if prevailing wage is required. City Manager Jeng also reported that she had a conversation with the City Attorney with respect to prevailing wage. If the Association requests contribution from the City,the project would have to pay prevailing wage. If the projects were kept separate, the City would be required to pay prevailing wage but the Association can proceed in the matter of their choice. Mayor Pro Pieper inquired if there could be clear delineation of the projects. City Manager Jeng outlined the components of the overall project and the sequence of the components and reported that the Association Manager informed her that she will be taking the project to the Association Board to confirm if they will be requesting contribution from the City. More discussion is needed depending on the Association Board's vote. Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -9- In response to Mayor Mirsch's inquiries, City Attorney Jenkins questioned if there is sufficient savings from separating the project with having to manage the logistics needed to keep the projects separate and successfully completed. Discussions ensued on project sequencing. City Manager Jeng noted that the lease agreement required the Association to get approval from the City Council to move forward with the proposed amenities. City Manager Jeng reminded the City Council that the decision was delayed to get cost estimate infoiiiiation on the proposed amenities. Mayor Pro Tem Pieper suggested that the Association provide the City a clear delineation of the projects to move forward with constructing the projects separately. Councilmember Dieringer inquired if it is possible for the City to move forward with the ADA component of the project. City Manager Jeng responded that yes it is feasible for the City to move forward with the A II A component in advance of the Association's proposed amenities however the new improvement may be cut into in order for the Association to place the septic tank and the plumbing needed for the above ground amenities. City Manager Jeng outlined a sequence of work potentially to separate the projects into three components. City Manager Jeng noted that in the agenda items discussed earlier in the meeting, except for the signing and striping,have been approved for funding from the budget set aside for the tennis court improvement project. Given the status on the tennis court project it is unlikely that the budget set aside for the project will be expended this fiscal year hence the recommendations to use the funds for other priorities such as the Mustard Plant removal with the Conservancy. City Manager Jeng noted that she will bring the item back once additional information is provided by the Association. The City Council received and filed the item. At 10:14pm, the City Council took a 10 minute recess. 11. CLOSED SESSION A. ANTICIPATED LITIGATION The City Council finds, based on advice from the City Attorney, that discussion in open session of the following described matter will prejudice the position of the City in anticipated litigation: ANTICIPATION OF LITIGATION: Government Code section 54956.9(d)(2) and (e)(5) A point has been reached where, in the opinion of the City Council on the advice of its legal counsel,there is a significant exposure to litigation against the City. Number of Potential Cases: One matter of threatened litigation City Attorney Jenkins reported that there is no reportable action from closed session. 12. ADJOURNMENT Hearing no further business before the City Council, Mayor Mirsch adjourned the meeting at 11:23p.m. The next regular meeting of the City Council is scheduled to be held on Monday, October 28, 2019 beginning at 7:00 p.m. in the City Council Chamber at City Hall, 2 Portuguese Bend Road, Rolling Hills, California. Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -10- Respectfully submitted, Yohan , :Propel, MBA City Approved, I eh . . Mirsch / Mayor Minutes City Council Meeting 10-14-19 -1 1-